Duration: (4h pre-recorded online lectures + 20 online live sessions / 24 hours total)
Course Introduction
"Computational design is the intersection of art, science and technology. It allows us to synthesize multiple variables and generate elegant solutions that are efficient, sustainable, and aesthetically captivating." - Elizabeth DillerIn a context of rapid technological innovation and change, it is essential to acquire digital skills to develop innovative ideas and design efficient and sustainable solutions. This course provides the foundations for exploring the potential of computational design and its implications in contemporary architecture. Indeed, parametric design is not just an excuse to generate complexity, it allows the designer to create harmony between form and function.
Architecture is not only about beauty and functionality; it is above all about the ability to imagine and create a better future. The use of computational design allows us to explore complex and adaptive forms, accelerate the formal research process, manage large volumes of design data and automate interoperability between different tools. Softwares such as Rhino and Grasshopper overcome the limitations of traditional CAD drafting and 3D modelling. Expertise of these tools will enable students to broaden their horizons with tools that allow them to explore new possibilities, challenge conventional practices and create architecture that are in tune with our times.
Course Objectives
1. DidacticsThe course is divided into 8 modules. For each module there will be a follow-up exercise to consolidate the topics covered. The first part will focus on the Rhinoceros software and the main modelling techniques in the world of architectural design, from concept to visualisation, from generation to geometry management.
The second part will introduce students to algorithmic modelling using the integrated Grasshopper plug-in, which provides a visual programming environment for creating complex parametric models. Its flexibility and ease of use will allow them to quickly explore different design solutions, enabling them to manipulate parameters and get immediate feedback on the consequences of the changes made. Case studies and practical applications will provide students with a solid foundation for tackling the design challenges ahead.
2. Skills
During the course, students will have the opportunity to acquire a wide range of basic parametric design skills. The first step will be to learn how to interact with the software interface and customise it to suit their needs. They will then be able to set up models and use the main geometry creation modes. They will develop the ability to extract 2D information and drawings from 3D models and learn how to automate the design table layout process and collaborate on the development of a single model. They will also be introduced to the production of effective diagrammatic visualisations using display modes and rendering using Enscape.
Participants will then explore techniques for generating geometry through algorithms, starting with points, lines and meshes, through to mathematical representations of geometry such as curves and NURBS surfaces. They will train to work with complex data structures, vectors, planes and fields. They will progress to kinetic façade design, interactive simulation, dynamic form finding and optimisation techniques.
3. Development
Students will gain an innovative perspective based on the adoption of a generative design process, moving away from the traditional static modelling approach. They will master the skills necessary to produce the material required for the presentation and realisation of an architectural project. At the end of the course, participants will be planners and designers aware of the potential of contemporary architecture, ready to contribute to the technological process of the sector and to design increasingly efficient and sustainable architecture.
The course spans a total amount of 25 hours, distributed between 4 hours of pre-recorded lectures and
21 hours conducted interactively through live sessions online on the Uninettuno e-learning platform.
The Digital and Parametric Design schedule includes approximately 3 hours of face-to-face lectures each
week, divided in modules as below. Each lesson is characterized by a first theoretical part on the main
techniques of parametric modelling and a second part of tutorials and practical exercises.
- PD01 - Course introduction and Rhinoceros practice
- PD02 - Introduction to Grasshopper
- PD03 - Data Trees
- PD04 - Practical Application to Concept Workflow
- PD05 - Physic Simulations in Architecture
- PD06 - Parametric Design in Sport Facilities
- PD07 - 3D Printing Application
- PD 08 – WORKSHOP
PD01 - Course introduction and Rhinoceros practice
The first lesson will quickly introduce the History of Parametric Design, with examples of its application within some cutting-edge realities. The second part will be a first contact with Rhinoceros, one of the most widely used 3D modelling software in architectural design.
1 Unit - Course introduction: Overview of computational design tools and topics of the Course.
2 Unit - Rhino Introduction and Practice: First approach to the tool and 3D modeling practice with a case study.
3 Unit - Visualization tools: Base graphic settings and output options for drawings or diagrams in Architecture.
The first lesson will quickly introduce the History of Parametric Design, with examples of its application within some cutting-edge realities. The second part will be a first contact with Rhinoceros, one of the most widely used 3D modelling software in architectural design.
1 Unit - Course introduction: Overview of computational design tools and topics of the Course.
2 Unit - Rhino Introduction and Practice: First approach to the tool and 3D modeling practice with a case study.
3 Unit - Visualization tools: Base graphic settings and output options for drawings or diagrams in Architecture.
PD02 - Introduction to Grasshopper
This lesson introduces the foundational skills in Grasshopper, starting with file management and interface overview, progressing to basic algorithm construction, and concluding with a 3D exploration using the Lunchbox plugin to panelize surfaces.
1 Unit – First things first: Opening and saving files, exploring the interface, reviewing component types, and setting up an effective workflow for computational design
2 Unit – Attractor point strategy: Step-by-step development of a foundational algorithm in Grasshopper, guiding students through essential component connections and operations. The unit culminates with the attractor point, showcasing it as an effective computational design strategy
3 Unit – 3D paneling: Transition to 3D modeling with the Lunchbox plugin, focusing on surface paneling techniques to generate complex, parametric forms.
This lesson introduces the foundational skills in Grasshopper, starting with file management and interface overview, progressing to basic algorithm construction, and concluding with a 3D exploration using the Lunchbox plugin to panelize surfaces.
1 Unit – First things first: Opening and saving files, exploring the interface, reviewing component types, and setting up an effective workflow for computational design
2 Unit – Attractor point strategy: Step-by-step development of a foundational algorithm in Grasshopper, guiding students through essential component connections and operations. The unit culminates with the attractor point, showcasing it as an effective computational design strategy
3 Unit – 3D paneling: Transition to 3D modeling with the Lunchbox plugin, focusing on surface paneling techniques to generate complex, parametric forms.
PD03 - Data Trees
This module provides an in-depth exploration of data control and manipulation using Grasshopper's data tree system. Participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental structure of data trees and the key components used for their management. The course will culminate in a hands-on exercise focused on designing a complex facade, reinforcing the theoretical concepts through practical application.
1 Unit - Introduction to Data Trees: Overview of data tree theory, data types, and essential components.
2 Unit - Data Tree Manipulation: Techniques for data tree manipulation, including analysis and data extraction.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Modeling a parametric facade using data tree structures.
This module provides an in-depth exploration of data control and manipulation using Grasshopper's data tree system. Participants will gain a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental structure of data trees and the key components used for their management. The course will culminate in a hands-on exercise focused on designing a complex facade, reinforcing the theoretical concepts through practical application.
1 Unit - Introduction to Data Trees: Overview of data tree theory, data types, and essential components.
2 Unit - Data Tree Manipulation: Techniques for data tree manipulation, including analysis and data extraction.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Modeling a parametric facade using data tree structures.
PD04 - Practical Application to Concept Workflow
In this lesson, the skills of controlling lists and data structures within Grasshopper will be explored, concluding with some case study relevant to the topics seen, with interactive real-like professional application exercises.
1 Unit - Topography Tools: Managing terrain tools based on the starting geometry type (elevation curves or surface).
2 Unit - Advanced Massing Workflow: Overview of methods for design quantities control and a simple facade test application
3 Unit - Practical Application: Interactive modeling of a complex famous project.
In this lesson, the skills of controlling lists and data structures within Grasshopper will be explored, concluding with some case study relevant to the topics seen, with interactive real-like professional application exercises.
1 Unit - Topography Tools: Managing terrain tools based on the starting geometry type (elevation curves or surface).
2 Unit - Advanced Massing Workflow: Overview of methods for design quantities control and a simple facade test application
3 Unit - Practical Application: Interactive modeling of a complex famous project.
PD05 - Physic Simulations in Architecture
This lecture introduces students to the concepts behind structural simulation, with a focus on catenary and compression-only structures commonly used in architectural forms. Using Kangaroo, a live physics engine within Grasshopper, students will simulate the real-world behavior of materials and structures, understanding how physics-based simulations can enhance design accuracy and innovation.
1 Unit - Grasshopper Physics and Architecture: Introduction to the concept of catenary inversion in structural forms and its architectural applications.
2 Unit - Grasshopper Kangaroo Simulations: Step-by-step guide on using Grasshopper's Kangaroo plugin to create and simulate physical behaviors within Rhinoceros.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Hands-on simulation exercise focused on designing the hedge garden atop the Italian Pavilion for Osaka Expo 2025 by Mario Cucinella Architects, applying Kangaroo physics to achieve an efficient, organic design.
This lecture introduces students to the concepts behind structural simulation, with a focus on catenary and compression-only structures commonly used in architectural forms. Using Kangaroo, a live physics engine within Grasshopper, students will simulate the real-world behavior of materials and structures, understanding how physics-based simulations can enhance design accuracy and innovation.
1 Unit - Grasshopper Physics and Architecture: Introduction to the concept of catenary inversion in structural forms and its architectural applications.
2 Unit - Grasshopper Kangaroo Simulations: Step-by-step guide on using Grasshopper's Kangaroo plugin to create and simulate physical behaviors within Rhinoceros.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Hands-on simulation exercise focused on designing the hedge garden atop the Italian Pavilion for Osaka Expo 2025 by Mario Cucinella Architects, applying Kangaroo physics to achieve an efficient, organic design.
PD06 - Parametric Design in Sport Facilities
This module delves into the workflow of parametric design, focusing on a large-scale architectural example such as stadium design. The lecture will illustrate the application of a parametric mindset through the development of a working script that generates diverse final outputs.
1 Unit - Lecture: An overview of stadium design, emphasizing the intricate relationship between form, function, and compliance with design standards.
2 Unit - Practical Guidance: Techniques for creating, manipulating, and optimizing geometries based on predefined parameters, leveraging the computational capabilities of Grasshopper.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Utilizing acquired skills to create multiple design iterations and explore a range of aesthetic and functional possibilities.
This module delves into the workflow of parametric design, focusing on a large-scale architectural example such as stadium design. The lecture will illustrate the application of a parametric mindset through the development of a working script that generates diverse final outputs.
1 Unit - Lecture: An overview of stadium design, emphasizing the intricate relationship between form, function, and compliance with design standards.
2 Unit - Practical Guidance: Techniques for creating, manipulating, and optimizing geometries based on predefined parameters, leveraging the computational capabilities of Grasshopper.
3 Unit - Practical Application: Utilizing acquired skills to create multiple design iterations and explore a range of aesthetic and functional possibilities.
PD07 - 3D Printing Application
This module introduces the evolution and primary benefits of 3D printing, emphasizing its role in enhancing flexibility, reducing waste, and enabling complex customization. The lesson explores the strategic value of 3D printing in architecture and design, demonstrating how this and other digital fabrication technologies strengthen the connection between designers and real-world construction.
1 Unit - 3D Printing Overview and Benefits: An overview of 3D printing, from its origins to the latest developments, highlighting key advantages, including adaptability, material efficiency, and high customization potential within architecture and design.
2 Unit - Applications in Architecture and Design: This unit examines the interplay between 3D printing, architecture, and design, showing how digital fabrication technologies can create new connections between conceptual and built environments. Case studies illustrate how these tools support the creation of complex geometries and dynamic forms.
3 Unit - FDM and LDM Techniques with Grasshopper: A practical exploration of FDM and LDM techniques within Grasshopper, focusing on generating optimized machine paths and specific geometries for 3D printing. Through hands-on exercises, students will refine designs using these methods, gaining direct experience with parametric tools that enhance 3D printing applications in architecture.
This module introduces the evolution and primary benefits of 3D printing, emphasizing its role in enhancing flexibility, reducing waste, and enabling complex customization. The lesson explores the strategic value of 3D printing in architecture and design, demonstrating how this and other digital fabrication technologies strengthen the connection between designers and real-world construction.
1 Unit - 3D Printing Overview and Benefits: An overview of 3D printing, from its origins to the latest developments, highlighting key advantages, including adaptability, material efficiency, and high customization potential within architecture and design.
2 Unit - Applications in Architecture and Design: This unit examines the interplay between 3D printing, architecture, and design, showing how digital fabrication technologies can create new connections between conceptual and built environments. Case studies illustrate how these tools support the creation of complex geometries and dynamic forms.
3 Unit - FDM and LDM Techniques with Grasshopper: A practical exploration of FDM and LDM techniques within Grasshopper, focusing on generating optimized machine paths and specific geometries for 3D printing. Through hands-on exercises, students will refine designs using these methods, gaining direct experience with parametric tools that enhance 3D printing applications in architecture.
PD 08 – WORKSHOP
Workshop 1: 3D Modeling and visualization techniques.
Workshop 2: Modelling of a parametric pavilion through base data structures
Workshop 3: Modelling a parametric façade through advanced data structures
Workshop 4: Design quantities control strategies + replication of a top tier firm project.
Workshop 5: Modeling through physic simulations techniques + replication of a top tier firm project
Workshop 6: Parametric modeling techniques applied in large scale sport facilities
Workshop 7: Shape manipulation for 3D printing technologies
Workshop 1: 3D Modeling and visualization techniques.
Workshop 2: Modelling of a parametric pavilion through base data structures
Workshop 3: Modelling a parametric façade through advanced data structures
Workshop 4: Design quantities control strategies + replication of a top tier firm project.
Workshop 5: Modeling through physic simulations techniques + replication of a top tier firm project
Workshop 6: Parametric modeling techniques applied in large scale sport facilities
Workshop 7: Shape manipulation for 3D printing technologies
Course Leader
Giacomo Righi- Building Engineer and Architect Giacomo Righi Grimaldi is an engineer and computational designer, working at Mario Cucinella Architects in Milano. He graduated in Building Engineering - Architecture at the Faculty of Bologna with a master’s thesis entitled 'Tubular assemblage', an architectural system based on a self-organized assemblage of adaptive tubular elements, that recreates architecture by condition of growth. His designs were shown at the exhibition 'This 1s n0t 4rchitecture' and published in the related publication. He also worked as an academic tutor at the Alma Mater Studiorum in Bologna, assisting Professor Alessio Erioli in the Architectural Composition III workshop. During graduation, he worked as intern for WASP, an Italian 3D printing company, pioneer of the architectural scale of 3D printing technologies. He participated to the 2020 edition of digitalFuturesWORLD workshop series, organized by masters of computational design such as Gilles Retsin and Kevin Saey. Since 2020 he has been working at Mario Cucinella Architects firm as computational designer and BIM specialist.Leader: Giacomo Righi Grimaldi